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Pbs Kids 2005 Program Break Recently Uploaded May 15 2018

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American public television network

This commodity is almost the American broadcaster. For other uses, see PBS (disambiguation).

Public Broadcasting Service
Type
  • Not-commercial
  • Free-to-air television network
  • Public broadcaster
Branding PBS
State

U.s.
Availability
  • Nationwide U.S.
  • Canada
  • Northern Mexico (OTA only)
Founded November 3, 1969 (52 years ago)  (1969-11-03)
by
  • Hartford N. Gunn Jr.
  • John Macy
  • James Day
  • Kenneth A. Christiansen
Headquarters Arlington, Virginia, U.S.

Key people
  • Paula Kerger (President and CEO)
  • Jonathan Barzilay (COO)

Launch appointment

 October five, 1970 (51 years agone)  (1970-10-05)

Picture format
  • HDTV 1080i
  • (some stations transmit PBS programming in 720p or 1080p via ATSC 3.0 in some markets)
Affiliates List of fellow member stations

Official website

 www.pbs.org
Replaced National Educational Telly (1952–1970)

Notes
[1] [two] [iii] [4] [5]

The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is an American public broadcaster and television plan distributor[half-dozen] based in Arlington, Virginia. PBS is a publicly funded[7] nonprofit organisation and the most prominent provider of educational programming to public television stations in the The states, distributing serial such as American Experience, America'southward Test Kitchen, Antiques Roadshow, Arthur, Barney & Friends, Between the Lions, Cyberchase, Clifford the Large Blood-red Dog, Downton Abbey, Wild Kratts, Finding Your Roots, Frontline, The Magic Schoolhouse Bus, The Kidsongs Television Bear witness, Masterpiece Theater, Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, Nature, Nature Cat, Nova, PBS NewsHour, Peg + Cat, Reading Rainbow, Sesame Street, Teletubbies, Keeping Up Appearances, and This Old Business firm.[eight]

PBS is funded by a combination of member station dues, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, pledge drives, and donations from both private foundations and individual citizens. All proposed funding for programming is subject to a prepare of standards to ensure the program is gratuitous of influence from the funding source.[ix] PBS has over 350 member boob tube stations, many owned by educational institutions, nonprofit groups both independent or affiliated with one item local public school district or collegiate educational institution, or entities endemic by or related to state government.[five]

History [edit]

PBS was established on November 3, 1969, past Hartford N. Gunn Jr. (president of WGBH), John Macy (president of CPB), James Day (terminal president of National Educational Television), and Kenneth A. Christiansen (chairman of the department of broadcasting at the Academy of Florida).[10]

Information technology began operations on October 5, 1970, taking over many of the functions of its predecessor, National Educational Television (Net), which after merged with Newark, New Jersey station WNDT to form WNET. In 1973, it merged with Educational Television Stations.[11] [12] [xiii]

Immediately after public disclosure of the Watergate scandal, on May 17, 1973, the Us Senate Watergate Committee commenced proceedings; PBS broadcast the proceedings nationwide, with Robert MacNeil and Jim Lehrer as commentators. For vii months, nightly "gavel-to-gavel" broadcasts drew swell public interest, and raised the contour of the fledgling PBS network.[14]

In 2019, PBS appear plans to motion its headquarters to a new edifice in Crystal City, Virginia. PBS is asking the Arlington Canton Board for permission to add its logo to the elevation of its new headquarters, which has a xl-twelvemonth-former restriction placed on it.[fifteen] [16] [17]

As of 2020, PBS has nearly 350 member stations around the nation.[17]

Operations [edit]

Unlike the five major commercial circulate television networks in the United states of america, ABC, CBS, NBC, Flim-flam, and The CW, PBS is technically not a network, just rather a programme distributor that provides telly content and related services to its member stations. Each station is charged with the responsibility of programming local content such every bit news, interviews, cultural, and public diplomacy programs for its individual market or state that supplements content provided past PBS and other public tv distributors.

In a goggle box network structure, affiliates give up portions of their local advertising airtime in exchange for conveying network programming, and the network pays its affiliates a share of the revenue information technology earns from advertising. By contrast, PBS member stations pay fees for the shows caused and distributed by the national organisation. Under this relationship, PBS fellow member stations have greater breadth in local scheduling than their commercial broadcasting counterparts. Scheduling of PBS-distributed series may vary greatly depending on the market. This can be a source of tension as stations seek to preserve their localism, and PBS strives to market place a consistent national lineup. Withal, PBS has a policy of "common carriage", which requires most stations to clear the national prime time programs on a common programming schedule to market them nationally more effectively. Management at old Los Angeles member KCET cited unresolvable fiscal and programming disputes among its major reasons for leaving PBS after over 40 years in January 2011, although it would return to PBS in 2019.[18]

Although PBS has a set schedule of programming, peculiarly in regard to its prime time schedule, member stations reserve the right to schedule PBS-distributed programming in other time slots or not clear information technology at all if they choose to practise so; few of the service's members bear all its programming. About PBS stations timeshift some distributed programs. Once PBS accepts a program offered for distribution, PBS, rather than the originating member station, retains exclusive rebroadcasting rights during an agreed flow. Suppliers, however, retain the right to sell the programme'due south intellectual holding in non-broadcast media such as DVDs, books, and sometimes PBS-licensed merchandise.

In 1991, the Corporation for Public Dissemination resumed funding for nearly PBS shows that debuted prior to 1977, with the exceptions of Washington Week in Review and Wall Street Week (CPB resumed funding of Washington Calendar week in 1997).

In 1994, The Chronicle of Philanthropy released the results of the largest study on the popularity and credibility of charitable and non-turn a profit organizations. PBS ranked as the 11th "most pop clemency/non-profit in America" from over 100 charities researched in the report conducted by the industry publication, with 38.ii% of Americans over the age of 12 choosing "love" and "like a lot" for PBS.[19] [20] [21] [22]

Since the mid-2000s, Roper Opinion Inquiry polls commissioned by PBS accept consistently placed the service equally the nigh-trusted national establishment in the United states of america.[4] [23] A 2016–2017 study by Nielsen Media Research institute 80% of all US telly households view the network's programs over the course of a year.[1] However, PBS is not responsible for all programming carried on public television stations, a big proportion of which may come from its member stations—including WGBH-TV, WETA-TV, WNET, WTTW, WHYY-Television, Twin Cities PBS—American Public Goggle box, and contained producers. This distinction regarding the origin of different programs on the service presents a frequent source of viewer confusion.[24]

In December 2009, PBS signed up for the Nielsen ratings audience measurement reports, and began to be included in its primetime and daily "Idiot box Index" reports, alongside the major commercial broadcast networks.[25] In May 2011, PBS announced that it would comprise breaks containing underwriter spots for corporate and foundation sponsors, program promotions and identification spots within four breaks placed inside episodes of Nature and NOVA, airing episodes cleaved upward into segments of up to 15 minutes, rather than airing them as straight 50- to 55-minute episodes. The strategy began that autumn, with the intent to expand the in-plan breaks to the remainder of the schedule if successful.[26]

In 2011, PBS released apps for iOS and Android to let viewing of full-length videos on mobile devices.[27] Vern Seward The Mac Observer calls the PBS iPad App, "...cool on and then many levels."[28] An update in 2015 added Chromecast support.[29]

On February 28, 2012, PBS partnered with AOL to launch Makers: Women Who Brand America, a digital documentary series focusing on high-achieving women in male person-dominated industries such every bit war, one-act, space, business, Hollywood and politics.[30] [31]

PBS initially struggled to compete with online media such as YouTube for market share. In a 2012 speech to 850 summit executives from PBS stations, Senior Vice President of Digital Jason Seiken warned that PBS was in danger of existence disrupted past YouTube studios such as Maker Studios. In the speech, later described equally a "seminal moment" for public television,[32] he laid out his vision for a new style of PBS digital video production. Station leadership rallied effectually his vision and Seiken formed PBS Digital Studios, which began producing educational but edgy videos, something Seiken chosen "PBS-quality with a YouTube sensibility".[33] The studio'south first hit, an auto-tuned version of the theme from one of their virtually famous television programs, Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, was one of YouTube'due south ten most viral videos of 2012.[34] By 2013, monthly video views on PBS.org had risen from 2 million to a quarter-billion, PBS.org traffic had surpassed that of the CBS, NBC, and ABC web sites, PBSKids.org had become the dominant US children's site for video, and PBS had won more 2013 Webby Awards than any other media visitor in the world.[35]

On May 8, 2013, total-length episodes of PBS' prime number time, news and children'southward programs were fabricated bachelor through the Roku streaming player; programming is bachelor on Roku as split up streaming channels for PBS and PBS Kids content.[36] Some content is only available with a PBS Passport member benefit subscription.[37]

Programming [edit]

The evening and primetime schedule on PBS features a diverse assortment of programming including fine arts (Dandy Performances); drama (Masterpiece, Downton Abbey, American Family: Journey of Dreams); science (Nova, Nature); history (American Experience, American Masters, History Detectives, Antiques Roadshow); music (Austin Metropolis Limits, Soundstage); public affairs (Frontline, PBS NewsHour, Washington Week, Nightly Business Report); independent films and documentaries (P.O.V., Independent Lens); home improvement (This Old Business firm); and interviews (Amanpour & Company, Tavis Smiley, The Dick Cavett Evidence). In 2012, PBS began organizing much of its prime number time programming effectually a genre-based schedule (for example, drama series encompass the Sunday schedule, while science-related programs are featured on Wednesdays).

PBS broadcasts children'southward programming as part of the service'south (and including content supplied by other distributors not programmed past the service, its fellow member stations') morning and afternoon schedule. Every bit the children's programs it distributes are intended to brainwash also every bit entertain its target audience, PBS and its stations have long been in compliance with educational programming guidelines set past the Federal Communications Commission in response to the enactment of the Children's Television Human action of 1990. Many member stations have historically also circulate altitude instruction and other instructional television programs, typically during daytime slots; though with the appearance of digital idiot box, which has immune stations to deport these programs on digital subchannels in lieu of the primary PBS feed or exclusively over online, many member stations/networks accept replaced distance education content with children's and other programming,.

Unlike its radio analogue, National Public Radio, PBS does not have a key program product arm or news division. All of the programming carried by PBS, whether news, documentary or entertainment, is created by (or in most cases produced under contract with) other parties, such every bit individual member stations. Boston fellow member WGBH-TV is ane of the largest producers of educational television programming, including shows like American Experience, Arthur (with Canada-based CINAR), Masterpiece Theatre, Nova, Antiques Roadshow and Frontline, too every bit many other children'due south and lifestyle programs. News programs are produced by WETA-TV (PBS Newshour) in Washington, D.C., WNET in New York City and WPBT in Miami. Newark, New Bailiwick of jersey/New York Urban center member WNET produces or distributes programs such equally Secrets of the Dead, Nature, and Cyberchase. PBS also works with other networks for programming such as CNN International for Amanpour & Company which is a co-production of CNN International and WNET.

PBS member stations are known for rebroadcasting British television costume dramas, comedies and science fiction programs (acquired from the BBC and other sources) such equally Downton Abbey; 'Allo 'Allo!; Are You Being Served?; The Benny Hill Show, Red Dwarf; The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin; Male parent Ted; Fawlty Towers; Harry Enfield and Chums; Keeping Up Appearances; Monty Python'southward Flying Circus; Mr. Edible bean, The Vicar of Dibley, Medico Who, and Sherlock; consequently, this has led to jocular references that the service's name stands for "Primarily British Series". Nevertheless, a significant amount of sharing takes identify. The BBC and British broadcasters such as Channel 4 often cooperate with PBS stations, producing material that is shown on both sides of the Atlantic. Less frequently, Canadian, Australian and other international programming appears on PBS stations (such as The Red Dark-green Bear witness, currently distributed by syndicator Executive Plan Services); public dissemination syndicators are more likely to offering this programming to U.S.-based public television stations.

PBS is not the merely distributor of public boob tube programming to the member stations. Other distributors have emerged from the roots of companies that maintained loosely held regional public television stations in the 1960s. Boston-based American Public Boob tube (which, amongst other names, was formerly known as Eastern Educational Network and the American Program Service) is second only to PBS for distributing programs to U.S. non-commercial stations. Another distributor is NETA (formerly SECA), whose properties accept included The Shapies and Jerry Yarnell Schoolhouse of Art. In addition, the member stations themselves also produce a variety of local shows, some of which subsequently receive national distribution through PBS or other distributors.

Rerun programming, peculiarly domestic programming non originally produced for public television, is generally uncommon on PBS or its member stations. The most prominent exception to this is The Lawrence Welk Show, which has aired continuously in reruns on PBS (through the Oklahoma Educational Tv set Dominance) almost every weekend since 1986. Reruns of programs originally produced for public idiot box are common, peculiarly with former PBS shows whose hosts have retired or died (for instance, The Joy of Painting and Mister Rogers' Neighborhood). Children's programming (such as Clifford the Big Ruby-red Dog and DragonflyTV, the latter of which is also syndicated on commercial goggle box) is rerun extensively. Since 2020, PBS has served as the over-the-air home to select specials from the Peanuts library, under sublicense from Apple.[38]

PBS Kids [edit]

Launched every bit PTV on July 11, 1994, PBS Kids is the brand for children's programs aired by PBS. The PBS Kids Channel, launched in 1999 and operated until 2005, was largely funded past satellite provider DirecTV. The aqueduct ceased operations on September 26, 2005, in favor of PBS Kids Sprout, a commercial digital cable and satellite television aqueduct originally operated as a joint venture with Comcast, Sesame Workshop and Apax Partners (NBCUniversal, which Comcast acquired in 2011, after acquired the other partners' interests in the channel in 2012). Nevertheless, the original programming block however exists on PBS, filling daytime and in some cases, weekend morning schedules on its fellow member stations; many members also carry 24-hour locally programmed children's networks featuring PBS Kids content on one of their digital subchannels. A revived version of the PBS Kids Aqueduct was launched on Jan 16, 2017. As of 2019, PBS Kids is the but children's programming block on U.S. circulate television.

As PBS is often known for doing, PBS Kids has broadcast imported series from other countries; these include British serial originally circulate past the BBC and ITV. Through American Public Television, many PBS stations too began airing the Australian series Raggs on June 4, 2007. Some of the programs broadcast as part of the service's children's lineup or through public broadcast syndication directly to its members have subsequently been syndicated to commercial tv set outlets (such every bit Ghostwriter and The Magic School Motorcoach).

Sports [edit]

Many PBS member stations and networks – including Mississippi Public Broadcasting (MHSAA), Georgia Public Broadcasting (GHSA), Maine Public Dissemination Network (MPA), Iowa PBS (IGHSAU), Nebraska Public Media (NSAA), and WKYU-TV (Western Kentucky Hilltoppers) – locally broadcast high schoolhouse and college sports. From the 1980s onward, the national PBS network has not typically carried sporting events, mainly because the broadcast rights to most sporting events take go more than cost-prohibitive in that timeframe, especially for nonprofits with limited revenue potential; in addition, starting with the corresponding launches of the MountainWest Sports Network (now defunct) and Big Ten Network in 2006 and 2007 and the later on launches of the Pac-12 Network and ESPN's SEC Network and ACC Network, able-bodied conferences have acquired rights for all of their member university'southward sports programs for their cable channels, restricting their use from PBS member stations, even those associated with their own universities.

From 1976 to 1989, KQED produced a series of Bundesliga matches under the banner Soccer Fabricated in Germany, with Toby Charles announcing. PBS likewise carried tennis events, also as Ivy League football game. Notable football commentators included Upton Bell, Marty Glickman, Bob Casciola, Brian Dowling, Sean McDonough and Jack Corrigan.[39] Other sports programs included interview series such equally The Mode It Was and The Sporting Life.[forty]

Governance [edit]

The lath of directors is responsible for governing and setting policy for PBS, consisting of 27 members: 14 professional person directors (station managers), 12 general directors (outside directors), and the PBS president.[41] All PBS Board members serve three-yr terms, without pay.[41] PBS member stations elect the xiv professional directors; the board elects the 12 general directors and appoints the PBS president and CEO; and the entire board elects its officers.[42]

Member stations [edit]

Every bit of March 2015[update], PBS maintains current memberships with 354 television stations encompassing 50 states, the Commune of Columbia and iv U.S. possessions;[5] [43] as such, information technology is the simply tv broadcaster in the United States – commercial or not-commercial – which has station partners licensed in every U.Due south. land (by comparison, none of the five major commercial circulate networks has affiliates in certain states where PBS has members, most notably New Jersey). The service has an estimated national accomplish of 93.74% of all households in the United States (or 292,926,047 Americans with at to the lowest degree one boob tube gear up).

PBS stations are commonly operated by nonprofit organizations, state agencies, local authorities (such equally municipal boards of education), or universities in their city of license; this is similar (albeit more centralized in states where a licensee owns multiple stations rebroadcasting the main PBS fellow member) to the early model of commercial broadcasting in the U.S., in which network-affiliated stations were initially owned past companies that owned few to no other goggle box stations elsewhere in the land. In some U.South. states, a group of PBS stations throughout the entire country may be organized into a single regional "subnetwork" (such every bit Alabama Public Television and Arkansas PBS); in this model, PBS programming and other content is distributed by the originating station in the subnetwork to other full-power stations that serve every bit satellites as well equally any depression-power translators in other areas of the state. Some states may be served past such a regional network and simultaneously have PBS member stations in a certain city (such as the case with secondary fellow member KBDI-TV in Denver, which is non related to Colorado member network Rocky Mount PBS and its flagship station and principal Denver PBS member, KRMA-Idiot box) that operate autonomously from the regional member network.

Every bit opposed to the present commercial broadcasting model in which network programs are often carried exclusively on one television station in a given market, PBS may maintain more than one member station in certain markets, which may exist owned by the licensee of the market's primary PBS member station or endemic by a separate licensee (as a prime case, KOCE-Goggle box, KLCS and KVCR-DT – which are all individually owned – serve as PBS stations for the Los Angeles market; KCET served as the marketplace's primary PBS member until information technology left the service in January 2011,[44] at which time it was replaced by KOCE). KCET rejoined PBS in 2019, thus giving the Los Angeles surface area four different member stations.

For these cases, PBS utilizes the Program Differentiation Programme, which divides by percentage the number of programs distributed by the service that each member tin comport on their schedule; frequently, this assigns a larger proportion of PBS-distributed programming to the principal member station, with the secondary members beingness allowed to acquit a lesser number of program offerings from the service'south schedule. Dissimilar public broadcasters in most other countries, PBS cannot ain any of the stations that broadcasts its programming; therefore information technology is one of the few goggle box programming bodies that does not have any owned-and-operated stations. This is partly due to the origins of the PBS stations themselves, and partly due to historical circulate license issues.

Participating stations [edit]

Near PBS member stations have produced at least some nationally distributed programs. Electric current regularly scheduled programming on the PBS national feed is produced by a smaller group of stations, including:

  • WGBH-TV (Arthur, NOVA, Masterpiece, Frontline, Martha Speaks, Peep and the Big Broad Earth, Curious George, Lidia'south Kitchen, Design Squad, Jamie Oliver, etc.)
  • WNET (Nature, PBS NewsHour Weekend, Cyberchase, Amanpour & Company, Wishbone etc.)
  • WETA-TV (PBS NewsHour, Washington Calendar week, A Capitol 4th (annually), America's Test Kitchen, This Former House, Pati'south Mexican Table, BBC World News, etc.)
  • WTTW (Nature Cat, WordWorld, Kidsongs)
  • Maryland Public Television (MotorWeek, Space Racers, Wimzie's House, Zoboomafoo)
  • Connecticut Public Television (Barney & Friends, Bob the Builder, Thomas & Friends, etc.)
  • KLRU (Austin Metropolis Limits)
  • KCET (Sid the Scientific discipline Child, Lost 50.A.)
  • KQED (The True cat in the Hat Knows a Lot Well-nigh That!, Yan Can Cook: Spice Kingdom)
  • Oregon Public Dissemination (History Detectives, Rick Steves' Europe (season x))
  • PBS North Carolina (The Woodwright'south Shop)
  • South Carolina ETV (The Magic School Omnibus, A Chef'due south Life)
  • WXXI-TV (Biz Kid$)
  • WQED (Mister Rogers' Neighborhood)
  • Twin Cities PBS (KTCA-Tv/KTCI-Idiot box) (Newton'due south Apple, SciGirls, Hero Elementary)
  • KCTS-TV (Rick Steves' Europe)
  • Arkansas PBS (Country of the Art)
  • WYES-TV (Kevin Belton)

The shows that were produced by Connecticut Public Television from 1994 to 2006 are now produced past WNET every bit of 2006 including Bob the Builder (2015 TV serial).

PBS networks [edit]

Network Notes

PBS Kids Logo.svg


PBS Kids 		A programming block that has children's Goggle box shows. The block was formerly called PTV Park. Launched as a 24/7 network in 1999 that was dissolved in 2005 and subsequently revived in 2017.
PBS Kids Go! Logo.svg
PBS Kids Go! 		A former programming block of PBS Kids, running from 2004 to 2013; even so, branding and promotions can nonetheless be seen on some programs. This block was for half dozen-xiii-yr-olds. A 24/7 network was appear in 2006 but never launched due to fiscal bug.
PBS HD A high-definition programming feed available to PBS' member stations.
PBS Satellite Service A 24-hour alternate network feed that provides a mixed variety of programming selected from the main PBS service, also equally for wagon on programming tiers of satellite providers.

PBS has spun off a number of television networks, often in partnership with other media companies. PBS YOU, a altitude education and how-to service operated until January 2006, and was largely succeeded by Create (a similarly formatted network owned past American Public Tv); PBS Kids Aqueduct was superseded past Sprout at the beginning of October 2005. The PBS Kids Channel relaunched Jan 16, 2017. World began operations in 2007 as a service operated by PBS but is now managed past American Public Tv set.

PBS has also restructured its satellite feed organization, simplifying HD02 (PBS Due west) into a timeshift feed for the Pacific Time Zone, rather than a high-definition complement to its formerly primary SD feed. PBS Kids Go! was proposed as a replacement circulate network for PBS Kids Aqueduct; notwithstanding, plans to launch the network were folded in 2006. Programming from the PBS Satellite Service has also been carried by certain member stations or regional member networks to make full their overnight schedules (particularly those that take transitioned to a 24-hour schedule since the late 1990s), in lieu of providing programming sourced from outside public television distributors or repeats of local programming (program promotions shown on the satellite feed advertise upcoming programs equally being aired on PBS during the timeslot bill of fare normally used as a placeholder for member outlets to insert local airtime information).

Some or all of these services are available on a digital cable tier of many cable providers, on a complimentary-to-air (FTA) satellite receiver receiving from PBS Satellite Service, as well as via subscription-based straight broadcast satellite providers. With the exception of Sprout, some of these services, including those from PBS fellow member stations and networks, take not made contracts with Internet-distributed over-the-summit MVPD services such as Sling TV and the now defunct PlayStation Vue. With the transition to over-the-air digital telly broadcasts, many of the services are besides oft at present available every bit standard-definition multicast channels on the digital signals of some member stations, while HD02 (PBS West) serves as a secondary HD feed. With the absenteeism of advertizement, network identification on these PBS networks was limited to utilization at the cease of the programme, which includes the standard serial of bumpers from the "Be More" campaign.

At the summer 2019 Boob tube Critics Clan press bout day for PBS on July 29, 2019, information technology was announced that MVPD YouTube Television receiver would begin to comport PBS programming and member stations in the autumn of 2019. Member stations have the choice of having their traditional aqueduct on the service with its total programming schedule received by Google over-the-air and uploaded to the service, a YouTube Telly-only feed provided by the station with some programming substitutions due to lack of digital rights, or a PBS-provided feed with limited localization, though with no local programming or pledge bulldoze programming.[45]

On September iii, 2020, PBS began to offering a livestream of their member stations for free via its website (equally well equally the websites from the member stations), on smart TVs, and on their mobile apps. However, merely a pocket-sized handful of stations currently exercise not accept a livestream of their stations set up.[46]

Independent networks [edit]

While not operated or controlled by PBS proper, additional public broadcasting networks are available and carried by PBS fellow member stations.

Channel Programming Origin
Create Educational and artistic programming American Public Television
World News and documentaries
First Nations Experience Ethnic programming San Bernardino Community College District

From 2002 to 2011, Buffalo, New York fellow member station WNED-Idiot box operated ThinkBright Telly, a service that was carried on several stations in upstate New York. Several land networks also offer a public affairs subchannel network offering full-time coverage of state authorities events and legislative/judicial proceedings in the aforementioned vein every bit C-SPAN's coverage of the federal government. Many PBS stations also carried MHz Worldview from the MHz Networks until 2020 when MHz Networks announced its discontinuation of the network on March ane, 2020. Since then, many stations has switched to World Channel every bit well as Beginning Nations Experience.

A separate but related concept is the state network, where a grouping of stations across a state simulcast a single programming schedule from a central facility, which may include specialty subchannels unique to that broadcaster.

Visual identity [edit]

PBS logo from 1971 to 1984

PBS's 2nd logo, the start iteration to include the "P-Head" element.

PBS logo from 1984 to 2019, as seen in 2002.

PBS's third logo, as used from 1984 to 2019. The logo pictured is the 2002 version.

PBS introduced its first iconographic logo in 1971, a multi-colored wordmark of the network's initials with the P designed to resemble a silhouette of a homo face. The logo was designed past Ernie Smith and Herb Lubalin of the Lubalin Smith Carnase design firm.[47] [48] Lubalin'south human being face "P", known internally at PBS as "Everyman", simply more commonly known equally the "P-Caput", became the ground for all subsequent PBS logos.[49]

In 1984, PBS introduced a new version of the logo, designed by Tom Geismar of Chermayeff & Geismar.[50] Chermayeff & Geismar felt that the Lubalin-designed logo was too similar to those of the three dominant commercial networks of the fourth dimension, and they sought "to develop a symbol that could correspond the more inclusive concept of 'public television'". They inverted Lubalin's Lowest "P" to face to the right instead of the left, and repeated the outline every bit a series to represent a "multitude" of people. The symbol was later renamed "Everyone".[49] The repeated outline of the face has also been interpreted to suggest a degree of multiculturalism, as well equally the public service attribute of the PBS mission.[51]

The logo has been used in various forms since: from 1998 onward, the Geismar logo has been rendered in white on a circle.[49]

On November iv, 2019, in laurels of the network's 50th anniversary, PBS unveiled a redesign of its identity by Lippincott. The identity is intended to be ameliorate-suited for use on digital platforms, and includes a tweaked version of the Geismar logo, adoption of electric blue and white as corporate colors, and a new custom sans-serif typeface used in its logo and other communications (which replaces the slab serif typeface used in the PBS logo since 1984).[52] [53] The network is allowing flexibility in implementation, but is no longer allowing the logo to be displayed independently of the PBS name. Upon the launch of the new logo, some members rebranded themselves to include PBS in their name for the beginning time, such every bit Wisconsin Public Television rebranding as PBS Wisconsin.[53] [54] PBS is paying out grants to at to the lowest degree 100 members to comprehend costs associated with the rebranding.[53]

Reception [edit]

Disquisitional response [edit]

PBS has been praised by critics for its diverseness of programming.[55] [56] Tim Goodman of The Hollywood Reporter marked PBS' airing of Downton Abbey as a turning bespeak for the network'south reputation and plan variety. [57]

On-air fundraising [edit]

Since 53% to 60% of public television's revenues come from individual membership donations and grants,[58] nearly stations solicit individual donations past methods including fundraising, pledge drives or telethons, which disrupt regularly scheduled programming. This has been perceived as potentially annoying since regularly scheduled programming is oft replaced with specials aimed at a wider audience (such as music specials aimed at the Babe Boomer generation and financial, wellness and motivational programs) to solicit new members and donations; during fundraising events, these programs are ofttimes interrupted within the broadcast past long-form segments (of six to eight minutes in length) encouraging viewers to donate to their PBS fellow member.[59] Underwriting spots are aired at the end of each plan, which differ from traditional commercials in several ways.[60] Each spot must be approved to run across several guidelines.[61] The primary guidelines land that underwriting spots cannot be qualitative in any manner, nor can they have any phone call to action.[62]

Controversies [edit]

Accusations of political/ideological bias [edit]

A 1982 broadcast of the U.s. Information Agency program Let Poland exist Poland virtually the martial constabulary alleged in Poland in 1981 was widely viewed in the U.S., merely met with skepticism on the role of eastern European broadcasters (communist countries at the time) due to concerns that the program's "provocative and anticommunist" tone was intended as propaganda.[63] [64]

In 1999, at least three public television stations were caught selling or trading their mailing lists with the Democratic National Committee. Under IRS regulations, nonprofit organizations are prohibited from participating in political actions. Officials from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting condemned the exercise and conducted an investigation into the matter. The stations involved were in New York, Boston, and Washington.[65]

Individual programs aired by PBS have been the targets of organized campaigns past individuals and groups with opposing views, including past former United States Secretarial assistant of Pedagogy Margaret Spellings in 2005.[66]

Nonetheless, in every year since 2004, surveys of Americans have shown PBS to accept been consistently ranked equally the most trusted institution in comparison to commercial broadcast and cable television, newspapers, and streaming services, and in Jan 2021, Americans valued revenue enhancement dollars spent on PBS behind only military defence force and oversight of food and drug safety.[67]

Accusations during Tomlinson tenure [edit]

In September 2003, Kenneth Tomlinson was chosen as chairman of the CPB board.[68] He criticized PBS and NPR for an allegedly "liberal bias".[69] His efforts sparked complaints of political pressure.[70]

To partially residue out the perceived left-leaning PBS shows, from June 2004 to July 2005, PBS aired Tucker Carlson: Unfiltered with conservative commentator Tucker Carlson, and from September 2004 to December 2005, PBS aired The Journal Editorial Written report with Paul Gigot, a conservative editor of The Wall Street Periodical editorial folio.[71] In December 2004, Beak Moyers resigned equally a PBS regular, citing political pressure to alter the content of his program, and saying Tomlinson had mounted a "vendetta" against him.[72]

In May 2005, two House Democrats requested the CPB inspector general investigate the complaints of political interference.[73] The inspector general'due south report was issued in November 2005 and described possible political influence on personnel decisions, including electronic mail correspondence between Tomlinson and the White House which indicated that Tomlinson "was strongly motivated past political considerations in filling the president/CEO position", a position filled in June 2005 by former Republican National Committee co-chair Patricia Harrison.[74] Tomlinson resigned from the CPB board on November iii, 2005.[75]

Accusations since the Tomlinson tenure [edit]

In January 2021, Michael Beller, the chief chaser for PBS resigned after being defenseless on record suggesting that the children of Donald Trump supporters should be sent to re-education camps.[76]

Lawsuit with Pacific Arts [edit]

In the 1990s, PBS became involved in a dispute over home video licensing rights with Pacific Arts Corporation, a multimedia company owned and operated by erstwhile Monkees guitarist Michael Nesmith.

In 1990, Pacific Arts secured a contract with PBS to distribute their dorsum catalog of programming on VHS under the PBS Home Video banner. Withal, in the early 1990s, Pacific Arts and PBS went through a series of serious disagreements. Lawsuits were filed: by Nesmith and Pacific Arts against PBS for breach of contract, intentional misrepresentation, intentional concealment, negligent misrepresentation, and interference with contract; and by PBS against Nesmith and Pacific Arts for lost royalties.[77] The lawsuits escalated in 1994 and 1995 into major litigation between the parties over these rights and payments. PBS and Nesmith and Pacific Arts vigorously prosecuted these multimillion-dollar counter-suits.

The six plaintiffs included PBS, WGBH-Television set, WNET, the Ken Burns-owned American Documentaries and Radio Pioneers Film Projection and the Children's Television Workshop. They sought approximately $five million in disputed royalties, advances, guarantees and license fees for programs and the use of the PBS logo from the defendants Pacific Arts and Nesmith.

Due to the price of the litigation, Pacific Arts was forced to finish distribution operations and suspended the utilize of the PBS logo on the Pacific Arts videos.[77] Though Pacific Arts distribution arrangement had ceased operating, the diverse plaintiffs were counting on capturing a personal fiscal guarantee Nesmith had made to PBS in the original PBS bargain in 1990.

The cases went to jury trial in Federal Courtroom in Los Angeles in February 1999. After three days of deliberation, the jury unanimously sided with Nesmith.[78] The court awarded Pacific Arts $14,625,000 for loss of its rights library, plus $29,250,000 in punitive amercement. The jury awarded $3 one thousand thousand to Nesmith personally, including $ii 1000000 in punitive damages for a total award to Nesmith and Pacific Arts of $48,875,000. The jury resolved the outstanding license fee issues by ordering Pacific Arts and Nesmith to pay approximately $1.2 1000000 to American Documentaries for The Ceremonious State of war, near $230,000 to WGBH-Goggle box, and $150,000 to WNET.[77]

Following the ruling, Nesmith expressed his personal disappointment with PBS and was quoted by BBC News every bit stating "Information technology'south like finding your grandmother stealing your stereo. You're happy to get your stereo back, but it's sad to find out your grandmother is a thief."[79]

The determination never went to an appeals courtroom and the concluding amount paid to Pacific Arts and Nesmith was an undisclosed sum agreed to in an out-of-court settlement.

Warning, Alert and Response Network (WARN) [edit]

PBS provides an alternate path for Wireless Emergency Alerts to wireless carriers through its Alarm, Alarm and Response Network (WARN). The alerts are transmitted through the PBS satellite network on the AMC-21 satellite to PBS stations, who then broadcast the letters over their transmitters for reception past wireless carriers at their cell sites.[80] [81]

The WARN network is funded by a grant through National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA).[80]

Meet besides [edit]

  • American Public Media
  • Listing of Usa over-the-air idiot box networks
  • PBS America
  • Public Radio International
  • Public, educational, and government access (PEG)
  • Television in the Us

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Farther reading [edit]

  • Johann Pachelbel (1932). UPI Idiot box Network logo. Art Scott.
  • B.J. Bullert (1997). Public Television: Politics and the Battle over Documentary Film . Rutgers University Press. ISBN9780813524702.
  • Barry Dornfeld (1998). Producing Public Tv, Producing Public Civilisation. Princeton University Press.
  • Ralph Engelman (1996). Public Radio and Television set in America: A Political History. Sage Publications.
  • James Ledbetter (1998). Made Possible by: The Death of Public Broadcasting in the United States . Verso. ISBN9781859840290.

External links [edit]

  • Official website Edit this at Wikidata
  • PBS "Crimson Volume" (presentation guidelines for PBS programming)
  • Video interview with PBS President Paula Kerger
  • Current, the newspaper about public Boob tube and radio in the United states
  • Designing Salubrious Communities by PBS

Coordinates: 38°51′44″N 77°03′01″West  /  38.8621°N 77.0503°W  / 38.8621; -77.0503

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBS

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